Emirps
November 2, 2010
An emirp is a prime number that is also prime when its digits are reversed, and that is not also a palindrome. For instance, 13 is an emirp because its reversal, 31, is also prime; 23 is not an emirp, even though it is prime, because its reversal, 32, is not prime; and 101 is not an emirp, even though it is prime, because it is a palindrome.
Your task is to enumerate the emirps below a million; you should strive for maximum speed. When you are finished, you are welcome to read or run a suggested solution, or to post your own solution or discuss the exercise in the comments below.
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[...] Praxis – Emirps By Remco Niemeijer In today’s Programming Praxis, our task is to enumerate all the non-palindrome prime numbers that are still [...]
My Haskell solution (see http://bonsaicode.wordpress.com/2010/11/02/programming-praxis-emirps/ for a version with comments):
import Data.Numbers.Primes emirps :: [Integer] emirps = [p | p <- primes, let rev = reverse (show p) , isPrime (read rev), show p /= rev] main :: IO () main = print $ takeWhile (< 1000000) emirpsHere is my Haskell solution: http://www.gleocadie.net/?p=178&lang=en
import Data.List isPrime l = isPrimeHelper l primes isPrimeHelper a (p:ps) | p*p > a = True | a `mod` p == 0 = False | otherwise = isPrimeHelper a ps primes = 2 : filter isPrime [3,5..] permirps = drop 4 (takeWhile (<1000000) primes) isEmirps x = let sx = show x in let rev = reverse sx in sx /= rev && isPrimeHelper (read rev) primes emirps = filter isEmirps permirps main = print $ emirpsComments, advices are welcomed.
I’m loving this website! Thanks a lot for the problems.
import Data.Numbers.Primes emirps :: [Integer] emirps = filter (\a -> isEmirp a) . filter (\a -> not . isPalindrome $ a) . takeWhile (< 1000000) $ primes where isPalindrome :: Integer -> Bool isPalindrome x = (reverse . show $ x) == (show x) isEmirp :: Integer -> Bool isEmirp x = isPrime . read . reverse . show $ x main :: IO () main = print . show $ emirpsI’m loving this website, thanks a lot!
Haskell:
import Data.Numbers.Primes emirps :: [Integer] emirps = filter (\a -> isEmirp a) . filter (\a -> not . isPalindrome $ a) . takeWhile (< 1000000) $ primes where isPalindrome :: Integer -> Bool isPalindrome x = (reverse . show $ x) == (show x) isEmirp :: Integer -> Bool isEmirp x = isPrime . read . reverse . show $ x main :: IO () main = print . show $ emirpsLove the site.
Sorry, line 14 should read
if prime(int(str(n)[::-1])) and str(n) != str(n)[::-1]:
@Joe: your prime() function isn’t quite correct. For instance, prime(10) returns True.
Wrote it in python (though for speed, a different language may be better). In the interest of speed, I wrote a function called reverse(n) that writes n backwards using only numerical operations (avoiding strings). Interestingly, trying to memoize my is_prime() function made everything slower (perhaps due to memory usage?). Running ./emirps.py 1000000 took just under 15 seconds on my aging laptop. For more speed I used pypy (Python with a just in time compiler); it finished in just under 3 seconds.
#!/usr/bin/env python2.6 import math def reverse(n): """ Given integer n, returns n written backwards. Note: uses only numerical operations (not string ones) for speed. """ d, r = 0, 0 while n > 0: l = int(math.log10(n)) r += (10 ** d) * (n // (10 ** (l))) d += 1 n %= (10**l) return r def is_prime(n): """ Simple check for primality, testing n mod k for odd k up to 1 + sqrt(n). """ if n == 2: return True elif n % 2 == 0: return False else: for k in xrange(3, 1 + int(math.sqrt(n)), 2): if n % k == 0: return False return True def main(n): """ Prints out all emirps less than n. """ for p in xrange(2, n): r = reverse(p) if (is_prime(p)) and (r != p) and (is_prime(r)): print p if __name__ == '__main__': import sys main(int(sys.argv[1]))Changing line 36 in main(n) from
to
yields a decent speed up; normal execution finishes in just under 11 seconds, while pypy finishes it in under 2.
Probably if you avoid using math.log10(n), you’ll end up with a faster execution.
My C Implementation
http://codepad.org/xVdzeVs6
This one was easy one. ;)
My C Implementation
http://codepad.org/xVdzeVs6
This one was easy one. ;)
We can build on the sieve of Erastosthenes exercise to create a list of primes < 1,000,000. Since the output array of the sieve is sorted, we can use binary search on the table for O(log n) search of the sieve, when checking for whether each reversal is prime. The Factor code for sieve is already posted on this blog and won't be reproduced here.
USING: kernel sequences vectors math math.parser locals
binary-search sieve ;
IN: emirp
: emirp? ( n vec — ? )
swap
number>string dup reverse 2dup =
[ 3drop f ]
[ nip string>number swap sorted-member? ] if ;
:: emirp-filter ( primes — semirp )
V{ } clone
primes
[ dup primes emirp?
[ suffix ]
[ drop ] if
] each ;
: Semirp ( n — vec )
primes emirp-filter ;
Factor session:
( scratchpad ) 100000 Semirp
— Data stack:
V{ 13 17 31 37 71 73 79 97 107 113 149 157 167 179 199…
( scratchpad ) length .
1646
Sorry, somehow the code block didn’t work on last post, probably got a tag wrong somewhere…
We can build on the sieve of Erastosthenes exercise to create a list of primes < 1,000,000. Since the output array of the sieve is sorted, we can use binary search on the table for O(log n) search of the sieve, when checking for whether each reversal is prime. The Factor code for sieve is already posted on this blog and won't be reproduced here.
USING: kernel sequences vectors math math.parser locals
binary-search sieve ;
IN: emirp
: emirp? ( n vec — ? )
swap
number>string dup reverse 2dup =
[ 3drop f ]
[ nip string>number swap sorted-member? ] if ;
:: emirp-filter ( primes — semirp )
V{ } clone
primes
[ dup primes emirp?
[ suffix ]
[ drop ] if
] each ;
: Semirp ( n — vec )
primes emirp-filter ;
Factor session:
( scratchpad ) 100000 Semirp
— Data stack:
V{ 13 17 31 37 71 73 79 97 107 113 149 157 167 179 199…
( scratchpad ) length .
1646
ruby solution : http://codepad.org/0ZlE1j4F