Programming Praxis

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnez was a German mathematician and philosopher, and a developer, independently of Isaac Newton, of calculus; it was he who invented the d/dx notation used in writing integrals. He died three hundred years ago, on November 14, 1716, so today (a few days late, sorry) we have an exercise about calculus:

Write a program that computes the average number of comparisons required to determine if a random sequence is sorted. For instance, in the sequence 1 2 3 5 4 6, the first inversion appears between 5 and 4, so it takes four comparisons (1<2, 2<3, 3<5, 5<4) to determine that the sequence is not sorted.

Your task is to write a program as described above. When you are finished, you are welcome to read or run a suggested solution, or to post your own solution or discuss the exercise in the comments below.

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